ObjectiveHead and neck cancer treatments are known to significantly affect functionality and appearance, leading to an increased risk for body image disturbances. Yet, few longitudinal studies exist to examine body image in these patients. Based on a conceptual model, the current study aimed to determine, in patients newly diagnosed with HNC: the prevalence, level, and course of body image concerns; correlates of upon cancer diagnosis body image concerns; predictors of immediate post-treatment body image concerns; and association between body image concerns (...) and levels of anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, support, and alcohol and drug misuse.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty-three, newly diagnosed with a primary HNC were assessed using structured clinical interviews and psychometric measures at three, and 6 months after diagnosis. Primary outcome was 3-month, as it was most salient to body image disturbance. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted on the potential body image predictors, based on the model.ResultsSixty-eight percent of patients with HNC presented some level of body image concerns. Body image concerns at baseline and post-treatment were significantly related and significantly increased from pre- to post-treatment. Immediately post-treatment, 89% presented some level of body image concerns. Correlates of body image concerns in patients with HNC at baseline included: physical symptom burden, difficulties with communication and eating, coping with the cancer diagnosis using denial, suicidal ideation, and having had a past anxiety diagnosis. When controlling for sociodemographic and medical variables, body image concerns in patients with HNC in the immediate post-treatment were predicted by: baseline body image, physical symptom burden, and neuroticism.ConclusionThis longitudinal study helps identify patients more susceptible to experience body image disturbance following head and neck cancer. Clinicians ought to pay special attention to body image concerns upon cancer diagnosis, physical symptom burden, and neuroticism, and may want to target these factors in future preventive interventions. (shrink)

L'article retrace l'histoire de l'image du peuple de Dieu comme brebis et pasteur dans l'Ecriture, dans deux figures représentatives de l'époque patristique, Augustin d'Hyppone et Grégoire de Nazianze, ainsi que dans la Constitution Dogmatique sur l'Eglise dans le Second Concile du Vatican. L'article fait une application précise de cette image au phénomène contemporain d'un changement culturel rapide dans le monde et dans l'Eglise. L'article soutient que l'image biblique des brebis et du pasteur ne doit pas être abandonnée comme un pûr (...) artifice culturel qui reflète une structure sociale primitive désormais entièrement désuète. Plutôt, cette image est une affirmation vitale et importante, tant anthropologique que ecclésiologique, sur la nature humaine, le besoin humain de communauté, d'autorité, de direction et d'attention. (shrink)

Il est question de l'analogie et de la comparaison selon la démarche dialectique platonicienne, ainsi que des topoi empruntés aux textes anciens: la chasse, le labyrinthe, le vase, la statue intérieure que l'on doit polir, le Soleil pour désigner de manière visible le Bien, ou la caverne pour rappeler la parabole de laconnaissance, mais aussi pour évoquer le lieu de transit de l'âme. Les principaux textes utilisés sont extraits des Discours théologiques de Grégoire de Nazianze. Un passage du Traité sur (...) le Saint Esprit (149 B-C) de Basile de Césarée, cité à la fin, illustre dans un contexte un peu différent le même procédé que celui utilisé par Grégoire. Dans tous ces passages il est question de travailler le langage sous le double aspect ontologique et sémantique, afin de trouver les modalités discursives les plus appropriées à la définition de la substance divine, à la nature de l'unité divine et à la détermination du caractère spécifique des hypostases. La théologie chrétienne se sert donc des moyens de la philosophie et emprunte des figures à la rhétorique, mais se défend de toute confusion avec ces disciplines. Invente-t-elle alors un genre nouveau, le «discours théologique», sur le modèle fourni par les Cappadociens? Encore faut-il savoir si le discours pouvait être perçu au IVᵉ siècle comme un genre approprié à la théologie, ou seulement comme un contrepoint à l'exégèse et au traité: un contrepoint par lequel les Pères ne rechignent pas à faire concurrence aux Sophistes pour les besoins politiques, et subsidiairement polémiques, de l'institution nouvellement créée. (shrink)

Il est question de l'analogie et de la comparaison selon la démarche dialectique platonicienne, ainsi que des topoi empruntés aux textes anciens: la chasse, le labyrinthe, le vase, la statue intérieure que l'on doit polir, le Soleil pour désigner de manière visible le Bien, ou la caverne pour rappeler la parabole de laconnaissance, mais aussi pour évoquer le lieu de transit de l'âme. Les principaux textes utilisés sont extraits des Discours théologiques de Grégoire de Nazianze. Un passage du Traité sur (...) le Saint Esprit (149 B-C) de Basile de Césarée, cité à la fin, illustre dans un contexte un peu différent le même procédé que celui utilisé par Grégoire. Dans tous ces passages il est question de travailler le langage sous le double aspect ontologique et sémantique, afin de trouver les modalités discursives les plus appropriées à la définition de la substance divine, à la nature de l'unité divine et à la détermination du caractère spécifique des hypostases. La théologie chrétienne se sert donc des moyens de la philosophie et emprunte des figures à la rhétorique, mais se défend de toute confusion avec ces disciplines. Invente-t-elle alors un genre nouveau, le «discours théologique», sur le modèle fourni par les Cappadociens? Encore faut-il savoir si le discours pouvait être perçu au IVᵉ siècle comme un genre approprié à la théologie, ou seulement comme un contrepoint à l'exégèse et au traité: un contrepoint par lequel les Pères ne rechignent pas à faire concurrence aux Sophistes pour les besoins politiques, et subsidiairement polémiques, de l'institution nouvellement créée. (shrink)

In matters of rights, constitutions tend to avoid settling controversies. With few exceptions, rights are formulated in open-ended language, seeking consensus on an abstraction without purporting to resolve the many moral-political questions implicated by rights. The resulting view has been that rights extend everywhere but are everywhere infringed by legislation seeking to resolve the very moral-political questions the constitution seeks to avoid. The Negotiable Constitution challenges this view. Arguing that underspecified rights call for greater specification, Grégoire C. N. Webber draws (...) on limitation clauses common to most bills of rights to develop a new understanding of the relationship between rights and legislation. The legislature is situated as a key constitutional actor tasked with completing the specification of constitutional rights. In turn, because the constitutional project is incomplete with regards to rights, it is open to being re-negotiated by legislation struggling with the very moral-political questions left underdetermined at the constitutional level. (shrink)

This article illustrates instrumental variable (IV) estimation by examining an unexpected finding of the research on career adaptability and job satisfaction. Theoretical and empirical arguments suggest that in the general population, people’s abilities to adapt their careers are beneficial to their job satisfaction. However, a recent meta-analysis unexpectedly found no effect when personality traits are controlled for. We argue that a reverse effect of job satisfaction on career adaptability, originating from affective tendencies tied to personality, might explain this null effect. (...) Our argument implies that the estimates obtained with traditional ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions are biased by endogeneity, a correlation between an explanatory variable and the error term in a regression model. When experimental manipulations are impossible, IV estimations, such as two-stage least squares (2SLS) regressions, are one possible solution to the endogeneity problem. Analyzing three waves of data from a sample of 836 adults, the concurrent and time-lagged effect of job satisfaction on career adaptability was revealed to be more consistent than the reverse. Our results provide an explanation, rooted in affective dispositions, as to why recent meta-analytical estimates unexpectedly found that career adaptability does not predict job satisfaction at the interindividual level. We also discuss IV estimation in terms of its limits, weight the interpretation of its estimates against the temporality criterion for causal inference, and consider its possible extension to analyses of change. (shrink)

Touching on issues of power, authority, and domination, Manhunts takes an in-depth look at the hunting of humans in the West, from ancient Sparta, through the Middle Ages, to the modern practices of chasing undocumented migrants.

This paper investigates the ethical implications of research at the interface between biodiversity and both human and animal health. Health and sanitary crises often lead to ethical debates, especially when it comes to disruptive interventions such as forced vaccinations, quarantine, or mass culling of domestic or wild animals. In such debates, the emergence of a “Planetary health ethics” can be highlighted. Ethics and accountability principles apply to all aspects of scientific research including its technological and engineering applications, regardless of whether (...) they are considered “hard sciences”, such as state-of-the-art technology in the fields of medicine, veterinary medicine, agronomy, or environment, or “soft”, such as local or global governance, health, socio-ecosystems, and the environment. Ethical reflection in the interdisciplinary field of biodiversity and health requires the examination of relevant scientific domains, such as biology, ecology, evolution, human medicine, animal medicine, anthropology, and law, and their epistemology and representation as well as scientific pluralism, which is crucial to establish genuine interdisciplinarity. Navigating the ethics-scape necessitates going beyond the hierarchy of science by recognising that scientific knowledge has implications for both scientific and non-scientific perspectives on the study of nature. The example of a Nipah virus outbreak is used to illustrate how the so-called “modern epidemiological” approach often focuses on risk factors associated with individual behavioural characteristics or collective practices, whereas the so-called “eco-social” approach focuses on global, socio-economic, and environmental factors that are the contextual causes of the health problem affecting the community. “Modern epidemiologists” aim to “correct” individual or practice factors using a “minimal set” of ethics, whereas “eco-social” scientists have to act systemically, which requires integrated research that acknowledges scientific pluralism, avoids the hierarchy of sciences, but accepts the pluralism of ethics and values. (shrink)

Poser la question de la provenance du geste critique instaurant le pré-monde (Vorwelt) revient à s’interroger de manière plus générale sur le commencement ou plus précisément sur le fondement de L’Étoile de la Rédemption. À cette question, qui pourrait être qualifiée elle-même de fondamentale, Franz Rosenzweig fait remarquer tout d’abord, dans « La pensée nouvelle », qu’« à l’égard des premières pages d’un livre de philosophie, les lecteurs ont une attitude singulière : ils croient qu’elles c...

Marcel Mauss published his essay The Gift in the context of debates about the European sovereign debt crises and the economic growth experienced by the colonies. This article traces the discursive associations between Mauss’ anthropological concepts and the reformist program of French socialists who pushed for an “altruistic” colonial policy in the interwar period. This article demonstrates that the three obligations which Mauss identified as the basis of a customary law of international economic relations served as key references in the (...) French debate about the relationships between metropolises and colonies in the interwar period. Mauss made this relation between colonial policy and the ethnology of the gift explicit in his book, The Nation. Moving beyond Mauss’ interwar writings, the article traces the genealogy of his later reflections to his involvement in prewar debate... (shrink)

Breast cancer is a major public health challenge. Organized mammography screening (OS) is considered one way to reduce breast cancer mortality. EU recommendations prone mass deployment of OS, and back in 2004, France introduced a national OS programme for women aged 50–74 years. However, in 2012, participation rate was still just 52.7%, well short of the targeted 70% objective. In an effort to re-address the (in) efficiency of the programme, the French National Cancer Institute has drafted an expert-group review of (...) the ethical issues surrounding breast cancer mammography screening. (shrink)

La question de l’ennemi et de la guerre chez Rosenzweig est importante non seulement pour comprendre l’auteur, mais aussi son œuvre : L’Étoile de la Rédemption. Avec la relation d’hostilité, la temporalité rédemptrice basée sur le commandement d’amour s’affronte au problème des rapports qu’ont le judaïsme et le christianisme avec la guerre et le nationalisme.

This conceptual paper revisits the concept of equality as a base of distributive justice and contends that it is underspecified, both theoretically and in terms of its ethical and pragmatic application to human resource management (HRM) within organizations. Prior organizational literature focuses primarily upon distributive equality of remunerative outcomes within small groups and implicitly employs an equity-based conception of inputs to define equality. In contrast, through exposition of the philosophical roots of equality principles, we reconceptualize inputs as de facto equal (...) and consider the systemic application of distributive equality in the form of status leveling practices. Ethical ramifications of distributive equality so viewed are explored. We conclude by arguing that, to implicitly insert a stronger ethics focus into the study and practice of HRM, perhaps there should be "equality theory" competing with equity theory for recognition in managerial and scholarly discourse. (shrink)

Legislated Rights: Securing Human Rights through Legislation aims to correct certain imbalances in constitutional thought and scholarship that burden the legislature and rights with misconceptions...

Interrogating the relationship of the sovereign power of the nation state to the scientist's expert knowledge as a legitimating--and sometimes challenging- ...

How do people learn to talk about the causal and temporal relations between events, and the motivation behind why people do what they do? The narrative practice hypothesis of Hutto and Gallagher holds that children are exposed to narratives that provide training for understanding and expressing reasons for why people behave as they do. In this context, we have recently developed a model of narrative processing where a structured model of the developing situation is built up from experienced events, and (...) enriched by sentences in a narrative that describe event meanings. The main interest is to develop a proof of concept for how narrative can be used to structure, organize and describe experience. Narrative sentences describe events, and they also define temporal and causal relations between events. These relations are specified by a class of narrative function words, including “because, before, after, first, finally.” The current research develops a proof of concept that by observing how people describe social events, a developmental robotic system can begin to acquire early knowledge of how to explain the reasons for events. We collect data from naïve subjects who use narrative function words to describe simple scenes of human-robot interaction, and then employ algorithms for extracting the statistical structure of how narrative function words link events in the situation model. By using these statistical regularities, the robot can thus learn from human experience about how to properly employ in question-answering dialogues with the human, and in generating canonical narratives for new experiences. The behavior of the system is demonstrated over several behavioral interactions, and associated narrative interaction sessions, while a more formal extended evaluation and user study will be the subject of future research. Clearly this is far removed from the power of the full blown narrative practice capability, but it provides a first step in the development of an experimental infrastructure for the study of socially situated narrative practice in human-robot interaction. (shrink)

Fichte's philosophy represented one of the first coherent attempts to provide a utopian philosophical foundation for preventative police power, one which anticipated in surprising ways the fundamental logical premises of modern dataveillance or "datapower." This article examines Fichte's proposals for a new system of police passports and the logic of control on which it rests, contextualizing it within the transformation of police practices during his lifetime. It concludes with a discussion of Hegel's criticism of the logical incoherence of securitarian policing, (...) and its relevance for our situation today. (shrink)

The text opening the 'Great Peace Part' ('Taiping bu') in the Ming Taoist Canon, the Great Peace Scripture Digest (Taiping jing chao) is widely confused with the famous Great Peace Scripture (Taiping jing) which follows it in the Canon. The first full analysis and reassessment of the Great Peace Scripture Digest, this paper reviews the textual morphology of its ancient and modern editions, discusses current hypotheses concerning its date and authorship, and investigates its literary structure and form, pointing to clusters (...) of prosodic patterns. Light is shed on strata of diachronic origin coexisting in the text, which should not be regarded as being the product of an inconstant solitary compiler, but rather as the conflation of shortened renditions of the Great Peace Scripture perhaps dating to the Tang and pre-Song or early Song eras. A full linear analysis of the text, including a concordance, completes the literary study. (shrink)

Resumen: El siguiente artículo expone las teorías de Karl Jaspers y Kent Wilber respecto a la posibilidad de una conciencia que accede a la totalidad del ser. Si bien la pregunta por el ser responde a una búsqueda filosófica, ambos autores son referentes en el campo de la salud mental. Para ello, se tomaron algunos textos de referencia, desde los cuales fue posible identificar las distintas etapas establecidas por los autores hacia la consciencia plena, además de algunas semejanzas y diferencias (...) teóricas que pudiesen presentar. De esta manera, la pregunta por la participación en el ser, como los estados de consciencia, permiten una mayor comprensión del ser humano y un intercambio fructífero entre la filosofía y las distintas disciplinas de la salud mental.: The following article exposes the theories of Karl Jaspers and Kent Wilber regarding the possibility of a consciousness that accesses the totality of being. Although the question of being responds to a philosophical search, both authors are referents in the field of mental health. For them, some reference texts were taken, from which it was possible to identify the different stages established by the authors towards full consciousness, as well as some similarities and theoretical differences that they could present. In this way, the question of participation in being, such as states of consciousness, allows a greater understanding of the human being and a fruitful exchange between philosophy and the different disciplines of mental health. (shrink)

Auxiliaire de justice, indépendant et mandaté par son client, l’avocat occupe une place singulière dans le système judiciaire français et sa parole se caractérise a priori par une grande liberté. A l’examen cependant, on constate que son espace de parole est soumis aux règles rituelles du procès qui tendent progressivement à le restreindre, et que le contenu de cette parole est contraint par les exigences de sa mission même s’il bénéficie d’une protection dont l’effectivité est une garantie fondamentale du procès (...) équitable. Ainsi, si indéniablement l’avocat peut dans certaines situations, dire plus que le citoyen ordinaire, il doit surtout en toutes circonstances veiller à dire mieux que ce dernier. (shrink)

Many state laws specify procedures for determining surrogate or proxy decision-makers for end-of-life care in the absence of an advance directive, living will, or other designation. Some laws also set forth criteria that the decision-maker must follow when making medical decisions for an incapacitated patient and determining whether to withdraw life-sustaining treatment. This article provides analysis of a medical ethics case on the question of how to address family allegations that the proxy decision-maker suffers from dementia and is unable to (...) make decisions for the patient. Cases such as this involve interwoven legal and ethical considerations including: how to address concerns that the proxy is making questionable or unreasonable decisions, how to evaluate the proxy's decisional capacity, strategies for enhancing communication, and standards for removing a proxy. This article suggests that “surrogacy ladders” in state law serve not only as a procedural mechanism, but also protect important ethical values such as tiers of moral authority for decision-making, relational autonomy, and privacy. (shrink)

The _Turba Philosophorum_ is at the confluence of many Greek traditions, and bears testimony both to the history of the transmission of Greek knowledge, and of its reception in Egypt in the ninth century.

This paper defends the idea that alterations in social perception of people with epilepsy may be crucial in the development of co-morbidities, involving a circular and mutual relationship between the person and her/his social environment, between the self and the world. We aim at exploring the role of these processes in psychopathological phenomena in people with epilepsy. Through a phenomenological and enactive account of intersubjectivity and the model of circular causality, enriched with interviews conducted with people with epilepsy, we develop (...) the hypothesis that the originary domain of a person’s experience with epilepsy expands and modifies the fundamental interrogation of the sense of self. Furthermore, we observe how disturbances in the dynamical coupling and coordination among agents may contribute to psychopathological phenomena, and to changes in intersubjectivity and social perception. (shrink)

Au xviie siècle, la question de la durée de la vie fait l’objet d’un nouveau traitement en termes d’arithmétique politique. Cette mathématisation, avec la construction de la notion de « vie moyenne », permet une intégration de l’art de prolonger la vie aux techniques de gouvernement. Élaborée dans le cadre des pratiques financières de rentes viagères, la notion émigre vers l’économie politique, où la vie n’est plus conçue comme support d’intérêts mais comme force productive. Le problème se pose alors en (...) termes de philosophie politique : le pouvoir peut-il se fonder sur des impératifs de maximisation de la vie moyenne pour contraindre ses sujets ? La question fut posée au sujet de l’inoculation de la petite vérole. Dans le débat qui déchira les Lumières françaises, c’est en réalité la question du fondement de ce que Michel Foucault appelait le biopouvoir qui est en jeu. (shrink)